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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道

精彩|　　盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)對?(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)千?(qian)差??(cha)萬??(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)普??(pu)遍??(bian)認(rèn)??(ren)為??(wei)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)所?(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的??(de)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。?黃?(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其?(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或??(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)歷?(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴(yán)??(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國?(guo)家??(jia)??，尚??(shang)未?(wei)步??(bu)入??(ru)考?(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時(shí)??(shi)代?(dai)??，顯?(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。在??(zai)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上?(shang)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)來??(lai)的??(de)夏??(xia)商??(shang)共??(gong)主??(zhu)政?(zheng)體??(ti)制??(zhi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)制?(zhi)度??(du)中??(zhong)仍??(reng)保??(bao)留??(liu)有??(you)濃?(nong)厚??(hou)的??(de)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)制??(zhi)殘??(can)余??(yu)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)形??(xing)態(tài)??(tai)和??(he)結(jié)??(jie)構(gòu)??(gou)形??(xing)式??(shi)呈??(cheng)現(xiàn)?(xian)出??(chu)明??(ming)顯??(xian)的?(de)原??(yuan)始??(shi)性??(xing)、松??(song)散??(san)性??(xing)??，并??(bing)非?(fei)土??(tu)廣??(guang)民??(min)眾??(zhong)的??(de)廣??(guang)域??(yu)王??(wang)權(quán)??(quan)國??(guo)家?(jia)??，因??(yin)而??(er)很??(hen)難??(nan)視??(shi)為??(wei)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)視?(shi)閾??(yu)下?(xia)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過??(guo)對?(dui)四??(si)土?(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持?(chi)續(xù)?(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模??(mo)的??(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征??(zheng)服??(fu)以??(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此?(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??，初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)??(tong)一??(yi)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地?(di)理??(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空?(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為??(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身??(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成??(cheng)奠??(dian)定?(ding)了??(le)堅(jiān)??(jian)實(shí)??(shi)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)的??(de)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)?(dao)并?(bing)長??(chang)期??(qi)實(shí)??(shi)踐?(jian)的??(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影??(ying)響??(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政??(zheng)治?(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方?(fang)方?(fang)面??(mian)面??(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構(gòu)??(gou)成??(cheng)孔??(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學(xué)??(xue)說??(shuo)的??(de)重??(zhong)要??(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯??(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)?(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中??(zhong)國??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族?(zu)生??(sheng)生?(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)?(fa)展??(zhan)壯??(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐?(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)??(yang)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以??(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)?(xue)、民??(min)族??(zu)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國??(guo)意?(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”???！　≈??(zhong)國??(guo)文??(wen)明??(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)和??(he)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家?(jia)建??(jian)立?(li)后??(hou)??，偃??(yan)師??(shi)二?(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)、尸??(shi)鄉(xiāng)??(xiang)溝??(gou)和??(he)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)所??(suo)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶?(dai)曾??(zeng)長??(chang)期??(qi)是??(shi)夏??(xia)、商??(shang)、周?(zhou)三??(san)個(gè)??(ge)王?(wang)朝??(chao)的?(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)水??(shui)陸??(lu)交??(jiao)通??(tong)樞??(shu)紐??(niu)之??(zhi)地??(di)??。??司??(si)馬??(ma)遷??(qian)在??(zai)《史??(shi)記?(ji)·封?(feng)禪??(chan)書??(shu)》中??(zhong)明??(ming)確??(que)寫??(xie)到??(dao)：“昔??(xi)三??(san)代?(dai)之??(zhi)居??(ju)??，皆??(jie)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)之?(zhi)間??(jian)”??。伊??(yi)洛?(luo)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)為??(wei)夏??(xia)代??(dai)的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)?(qu)域??(yu)??，不??(bu)僅??(jin)見?(jian)于??(yu)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，也??(ye)從??(cong)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)上??(shang)得??(de)到??(dao)了??(le)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)文??(wen)化??(hua)和??(he)二?(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)遺??(yi)址??(zhi)有??(you)說?(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的?(de)印??(yin)證??(zheng)??。從??(cong)夏?(xia)到??(dao)周??(zhou)??，從??(cong)西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期?(qi)青??(qing)銅??(tong)器??(qi)何??(he)尊??(zun)銘??(ming)文??(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲??(zi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)??，自??(zi)之??(zhi)乂??(yi)民??(min)”及??(ji)《逸?(yi)周??(zhou)書??(shu)·作??(zuo)雒??(luo)》“作??(zuo)大??(da)邑??(yi)成??(cheng)周?(zhou)于??(yu)土??(tu)中??(zhong)”??，《史??(shi)記??(ji)·周??(zhou)本??(ben)紀(jì)??(ji)》所??(suo)記??(ji)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)“乃??(nai)天?(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)??，四??(si)方?(fang)入??(ru)貢??(gong)道??(dao)里??(li)均??(jun)”等??(deng)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，可??(ke)以??(yi)確?(que)知?(zhi)??，西??(xi)周??(zhou)初??(chu)期??(qi)??，河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)已??(yi)經(jīng)??(jing)逐??(zhu)漸??(jian)成??(cheng)為??(wei)西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)意?(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“天??(tian)下?(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”、由??(you)此??(ci)可??(ke)見??(jian)??，絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)將??(jiang)河??(he)洛?(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)視??(shi)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的?(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，是??(shi)頗??(po)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)的??(de)道??(dao)理??(li)的?(de)??。

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