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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道

精彩|　　中??(zhong)國??(guo)文??(wen)明?(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)和??(he)早??(zao)期??(qi)國?(guo)家??(jia)建??(jian)立??(li)后??(hou)??，偃??(yan)師??(shi)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)、尸??(shi)鄉(xiāng)??(xiang)溝??(gou)和?(he)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)所?(suo)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)曾??(zeng)長??(chang)期??(qi)是??(shi)夏??(xia)、商??(shang)、周??(zhou)三?(san)個(gè)??(ge)王?(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)水??(shui)陸??(lu)交??(jiao)通??(tong)樞??(shu)紐??(niu)之??(zhi)地??(di)??。??司??(si)馬?(ma)遷??(qian)在??(zai)《史??(shi)記??(ji)·封??(feng)禪??(chan)書??(shu)》中?(zhong)明??(ming)確??(que)寫??(xie)到??(dao)：“昔??(xi)三??(san)代??(dai)之??(zhi)居??(ju)??，皆??(jie)在?(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)之??(zhi)間??(jian)”??。伊??(yi)洛??(luo)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)為?(wei)夏??(xia)代?(dai)的??(de)中?(zhong)心?(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，不??(bu)僅??(jin)見??(jian)于??(yu)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，也??(ye)從??(cong)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)上??(shang)得??(de)到??(dao)了??(le)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)文??(wen)化??(hua)和??(he)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)遺?(yi)址??(zhi)有?(you)說??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)印??(yin)證??(zheng)??。從??(cong)夏??(xia)到??(dao)周??(zhou)??，從??(cong)西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)青??(qing)銅??(tong)器??(qi)何??(he)尊??(zun)銘??(ming)文??(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲??(zi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)??，自??(zi)之??(zhi)乂??(yi)民??(min)”及??(ji)《逸??(yi)周??(zhou)書??(shu)·作??(zuo)雒??(luo)》“作?(zuo)大??(da)邑??(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)于??(yu)土??(tu)中??(zhong)”??，《史??(shi)記??(ji)·周??(zhou)本??(ben)紀(jì)?(ji)》所??(suo)記??(ji)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)“乃??(nai)天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)??，四??(si)方??(fang)入??(ru)貢??(gong)道??(dao)里??(li)均??(jun)”等??(deng)記?(ji)載??(zai)??，可??(ke)以??(yi)確??(que)知??(zhi)??，西?(xi)周??(zhou)初??(chu)期??(qi)??，河??(he)洛??(luo)一秘(yi)帶??(dai)已??(yi)經(jīng)??(jing)逐??(zhu)漸??(jian)成??(cheng)為??(wei)西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)意?(yi)義??(yi)上?(shang)的?(de)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”、由??(you)此??(ci)可??(ke)見??(jian)??，絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)將??(jiang)河?(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)視??(shi)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)?(qu)域??(yu)??，是??(shi)頗??(po)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)的??(de)道??(dao)理??(li)的??(de)???！　∥??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝?(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過??(guo)對(duì)??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模??(mo)的??(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征?(zheng)服??(fu)以??(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??。??特??(te)別??(bie)是??(shi)對(duì)??(dui)燕??(yan)、齊??(qi)、魯??(lu)、晉??(jin)、吳??(wu)等??(deng)諸??(zhu)侯??(hou)國??(guo)的??(de)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，具??(ju)有??(you)重??(zhong)要?(yao)的??(de)戰(zhàn)??(zhan)略??(lve)意??(yi)義??(yi)和??(he)長??(chang)遠(yuǎn)??(yuan)眼??(yan)光??(guang)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)在??(zai)西??(xi)土??(tu)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)??，大??(da)體?(ti)上??(shang)控??(kong)制??(zhi)了??(le)北??(bei)自??(zi)燕??(yan)山??(shan)以??(yi)南??(nan)??，東??(dong)部??(bu)濱??(bin)海??(hai)??，南??(nan)至??(zhi)江?(jiang)淮?(huai)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)的??(de)大??(da)片??(pian)國??(guo)土??(tu)??，從?(cong)而??(er)初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)?(tong)一??(yi)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)的??(de)基?(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。王??(wang)國??(guo)維??(wei)先??(xian)生??(sheng)稱??(cheng)“中??(zhong)國??(guo)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)與??(yu)文??(wen)化??(hua)之??(zhi)變??(bian)革??(ge)??，莫??(mo)劇??(ju)于??(yu)殷?(yin)周?(zhou)之??(zhi)際??(ji)???！蓖??(tong)過??(guo)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)的??(de)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)的??(de)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)的??(de)、文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)影??(ying)響??(xiang)??，周??(zhou)人??(ren)牢??(lao)牢??(lao)地??(di)控??(kong)制??(zhi)了??(le)千??(qian)里??(li)邦??(bang)畿??(ji)和??(he)遼?(liao)闊??(kuo)的??(de)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)??，并??(bing)在?(zai)此??(ci)背??(bei)景??(jing)下??(xia)??，初??(chu)步??(bu)孕??(yun)育??(yu)了??(le)“溥??(pu)天??(tian)之?(zhi)下??(xia)??，莫??(mo)非??(fei)王??(wang)土??(tu)??，率??(lv)土??(tu)之??(zhi)濱??(bin)??，莫??(mo)非??(fei)王??(wang)臣??(chen)”的??(de)朦??(meng)朧??(long)的??(de)天??(tian)下??(xia)一??(yi)統(tǒng)??(tong)觀??(guan)念??(nian)??。在??(zai)周??(zhou)人?(ren)對(duì)??(dui)千??(qian)里??(li)邦??(bang)畿??(ji)和??(he)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)有??(you)效??(xiao)行??(xing)使?(shi)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)?(ji)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)等??(deng)國??(guo)家??(jia)主??(zhu)權(quán)?(quan)的??(de)同??(tong)時(shí)??(shi)??，以??(yi)夏??(xia)、商??(shang)、周?(zhou)為??(wei)主?(zhu)體?(ti)的??(de)族??(zu)群??(qun)在??(zai)與?(yu)周??(zhou)邊??(bian)各??(ge)族??(zu)頻??(pin)繁??(fan)的??(de)政??(zheng)治?(zhi)、軍??(jun)事?(shi)、經(jīng)??(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)往??(wang)來??(lai)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)交??(jiao)流??(liu)過??(guo)程??(cheng)中??(zhong)??，以??(yi)中??(zhong)原?(yuan)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)所??(suo)在??(zai)的??(de)黃??(huang)河??(he)中??(zhong)下??(xia)游??(you)地?(di)區(qū)?(qu)為??(wei)舞??(wu)臺(tái)??(tai)??，滲??(shen)透??(tou)混??(hun)融??(rong)??，增??(zeng)殖??(zhi)裂??(lie)變??(bian)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前?(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為??(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身??(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成??(cheng)奠?(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)堅(jiān)??(jian)實(shí)??(shi)的祝(de)基?(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)初??(chu)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)家??(jia)在??(zai)對(duì)??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)進(jìn)??(jin)行??(xing)控??(kong)制??(zhi)和??(he)管??(guan)理??(li)的??(de)過??(guo)程??(cheng)中??(zhong)??，不??(bu)斷??(duan)汲??(ji)取??(qu)歷??(li)史??(shi)經(jīng)??(jing)驗(yàn)??(yan)教??(jiao)訓(xùn)??(xun)??，“明??(ming)德?(de)慎??(shen)罰??(fa)”??，建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)維??(wei)護(hù)?(hu)西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)各?(ge)級(jí)??(ji)等??(deng)級(jí)??(ji)秩??(zhi)序??(xu)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)制??(zhi)度??(du)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)??(dao)并??(bing)長?(chang)期?(qi)實(shí)??(shi)踐??(jian)的?(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影?(ying)響?(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政?(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文?(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方??(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面??(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構(gòu)?(gou)成??(cheng)孔?(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學(xué)??(xue)說??(shuo)的?(de)重?(zhong)要?(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯??(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)??(shu)千?(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中??(zhong)國??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文?(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)壯??(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐??(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)??(yang)??，支?(zhi)撐??(cheng)著??(zhe)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)??，薪??(xin)火??(huo)相??(xiang)傳??(chuan)??。綜??(zong)上??(shang)可??(ke)知??(zhi)??，西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以?(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)、民??(min)族??(zu)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中?(zhong)國??(guo)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的?(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。

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