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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道

精彩|　　盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)對(duì)??(dui)“最?(zui)早??(zao)的?(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)千??(qian)差??(cha)萬(wàn)??(wan)別??(bie)?，但??(dan)絕??(jue)大??(da)多?(duo)數(shù)??(shu)學(xué)??(xue)者?(zhe)普??(pu)遍?(bian)認(rèn)??(ren)為??(wei)?，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”在?(zai)古?(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)所??(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱(chēng)??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的?(de)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。??黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)?，或??(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的?(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時(shí)?(shi)代??(dai)?，尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起?(qi)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴(yán)??(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早?(zao)期??(qi)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)?，尚?(shang)未??(wei)步?(bu)入??(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)家?(jia)、歷??(li)史?(shi)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)?，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱(chēng)??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??。在??(zai)部??(bu)落?(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)來(lái)??(lai)的??(de)夏??(xia)商?(shang)共??(gong)主??(zhu)政??(zheng)體??(ti)制??(zhi)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)?，國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)制??(zhi)度??(du)中??(zhong)仍??(reng)保??(bao)留??(liu)有??(you)濃??(nong)厚??(hou)的??(de)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)制?(zhi)殘??(can)余??(yu)?，國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)形??(xing)態(tài)?(tai)和??(he)結(jié)??(jie)構(gòu)??(gou)形??(xing)式??(shi)呈??(cheng)現(xiàn)??(xian)出??(chu)明?(ming)顯??(xian)的??(de)原?(yuan)始??(shi)性??(xing)、松??(song)散??(san)性??(xing)?，并??(bing)非??(fei)土??(tu)廣??(guang)民??(min)眾??(zhong)的?(de)廣??(guang)域??(yu)王??(wang)權(quán)??(quan)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)?，因??(yin)而??(er)很??(hen)難??(nan)視??(shi)為??(wei)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)下??(xia)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)?，通??(tong)過(guò)??(guo)對(duì)??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模??(mo)的??(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征??(zheng)服??(fu)以?(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)?，開(kāi)??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)?，初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)??(tong)一??(yi)的??(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政?(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)?，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)?，為?(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身??(shen)?，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形?(xing)成?(cheng)奠??(dian)定?(ding)了??(le)堅(jiān)??(jian)實(shí)??(shi)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)的??(de)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)??(dao)并??(bing)長(zhǎng)?(chang)期??(qi)實(shí)??(shi)踐??(jian)的祝(de)“德?(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影??(ying)響??(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政??(zheng)治秘(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)等?(deng)方??(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面?(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂(lè)??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)?，構(gòu)??(gou)成??(cheng)孔??(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮?(li)學(xué)??(xue)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)重??(zhong)要??(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)?，并??(bing)匯??(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)??(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來(lái)??(lai)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)?，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)壯??(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐??(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)??(yang)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王?(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以??(yi)稱(chēng)?(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)、民??(min)族?(zu)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”???！　?jù)??(ju)《國(guó)??(guo)語(yǔ)?(yu)·鄭??(zheng)語(yǔ)??(yu)》記??(ji)載??(zai)??，一??(yi)直??(zhi)到??(dao)西?(xi)周??(zhou)末??(mo)年??(nian)鄭??(zheng)國(guó)??(guo)東?(dong)遷??(qian)前??(qian)夕??(xi)??，史??(shi)伯??(bo)縱?(zong)論??(lun)天??(tian)下??(xia)形??(xing)勢(shì)??(shi)??，仍??(reng)以??(yi)成?(cheng)周??(zhou)為??(wei)天??(tian)下??(xia)中??(zhong)心??(xin)??，在??(zai)廣??(guang)大??(da)的??(de)四??(si)方??(fang)??，則?(ze)散??(san)布??(bu)著?(zhe)經(jīng)??(jing)過(guò)?(guo)分??(fen)封??(feng)的??(de)“王??(wang)之??(zhi)支??(zhi)子??(zi)母??(mu)弟??(di)甥??(sheng)舅??(jiu)”之??(zhi)國(guó)??(guo)和?(he)蠻??(man)、荊??(jing)、戎??(rong)、狄??(di)等??(deng)族??(zu)類(lèi)??(lei)??，形??(xing)成??(cheng)了?(le)華??(hua)夏??(xia)與??(yu)戎?(rong)狄??(di)雜??(za)居??(ju)相??(xiang)處??(chu)的??(de)局??(ju)面??(mian)??。??但??(dan)《詩(shī)??(shi)經(jīng)?(jing)·大??(da)雅??(ya)·民??(min)勞??(lao)》說(shuō)??(shuo)：“惠??(hui)此??(ci)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)??，以??(yi)綏??(sui)四??(si)方??(fang)”??。《公??(gong)羊??(yang)傳??(chuan)·僖??(xi)公??(gong)四??(si)年??(nian)》說(shuō)??(shuo)：“南??(nan)夷??(yi)與??(yu)北??(bei)狄??(di)交??(jiao)??，中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)不?(bu)絕??(jue)若??(ruo)線??(xian)???！憋@??(xian)然??(ran)??，隨??(sui)著??(zhe)民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)的??(de)進(jìn)??(jin)一??(yi)步??(bu)加??(jia)強(qiáng)??(qiang)與??(yu)華??(hua)夏??(xia)民?(min)族??(zu)共??(gong)同??(tong)體??(ti)范?(fan)圍??(wei)不??(bu)斷??(duan)擴(kuò)??(kuo)大??(da)??，東??(dong)周??(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)的??(de)“中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”的??(de)范??(fan)圍??(wei)也??(ye)不??(bu)斷??(duan)發(fā)??(fa)生?(sheng)變??(bian)化??(hua)??，但??(dan)在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)中??(zhong)??，“中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”與??(yu)“四??(si)方??(fang)”相?(xiang)對(duì)??(dui)??，與??(yu)“南??(nan)夷?(yi)”“北??(bei)狄??(di)”相??(xiang)互?(hu)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)??，此??(ci)時(shí)??(shi)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)仍??(reng)然?(ran)指??(zhi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)中?(zhong)心?(xin)和??(he)華??(hua)夏??(xia)族??(zu)相??(xiang)對(duì)??(dui)集??(ji)中??(zhong)的??(de)中??(zhong)原?(yuan)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)??。總??(zong)之??(zhi)??，考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)較??(jiao)為??(wei)普??(pu)遍??(bian)地??(di)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”確?(que)定??(ding)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??，是??(shi)有??(you)一??(yi)定??(ding)說(shuō)??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)歷??(li)史??(shi)依??(yi)據(jù)??(ju)的??(de)??。

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