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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道

精彩|　　盡?(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)者?(zhe)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)千??(qian)差?(cha)萬??(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)絕?(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)學??(xue)者??(zhe)普?(pu)遍??(bian)認??(ren)為?(wei)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的?(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”在??(zai)古?(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻??(xian)所??(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為?(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的??(de)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。?黃??(huang)帝??(di)及?(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或??(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)中??(zhong)國?(guo)歷??(li)史?(shi)上??(shang)嚴??(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入??(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學??(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。在??(zai)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)基??(ji)礎??(chu)上??(shang)建??(jian)立??(li)起?(qi)來??(lai)的??(de)夏??(xia)商??(shang)共??(gong)主??(zhu)政??(zheng)體??(ti)制??(zhi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)制??(zhi)度??(du)中??(zhong)仍??(reng)保??(bao)留??(liu)有??(you)濃??(nong)厚??(hou)的??(de)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)制??(zhi)殘??(can)余??(yu)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)形??(xing)態(tài)??(tai)和??(he)結??(jie)構??(gou)形??(xing)式??(shi)呈??(cheng)現(xiàn)??(xian)出?(chu)明??(ming)顯??(xian)的??(de)原??(yuan)始??(shi)性??(xing)、松??(song)散??(san)性??(xing)??，并??(bing)非?(fei)土??(tu)廣??(guang)民??(min)眾??(zhong)的??(de)廣??(guang)域??(yu)王??(wang)權??(quan)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，因??(yin)而??(er)很??(hen)難??(nan)視??(shi)為??(wei)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理?(li)學??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)下?(xia)的??(de)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。西??(xi)周?(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過??(guo)對??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大??(da)規(guī)??(gui)模?(mo)的??(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征??(zheng)服??(fu)以??(yi)及??(ji)在??(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開?(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前?(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??，初??(chu)步??(bu)奠??(dian)定秘(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)??(tong)一??(yi)的?(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政??(zheng)治?(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎??(chu)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)時??(shi)期??(qi)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為??(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族?(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身?(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族?(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成?(cheng)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)堅?(jian)實??(shi)的??(de)基??(ji)礎??(chu)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)的??(de)積??(ji)極??(ji)倡?(chang)導??(dao)并??(bing)長??(chang)期??(qi)實?(shi)踐??(jian)的??(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及??(ji)影??(ying)響?(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方??(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面?(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂?(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構??(gou)成??(cheng)孔??(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學??(xue)說??(shuo)的??(de)重??(zhong)要??(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯?(hui)入?(ru)數(shù)??(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中?(zhong)國??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華??(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生?(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)壯祝(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐??(feng)厚?(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)??(yang)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以?(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學??(xue)、民??(min)族??(zu)學??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國??(guo)意??(yi)義?(yi)上??(shang)的?(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”???！　W??(xue)術??(shu)界??(jie)對??(dui)中??(zhong)國??(guo)文??(wen)明??(ming)起??(qi)源??(yuan)和??(he)早?(zao)期??(qi)發(fā)?(fa)展??(zhan)的??(de)研??(yan)究??(jiu)??，由??(you)來??(lai)已??(yi)久??(jiu)??。??近??(jin)年??(nian)來??(lai)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)家?(jia)提??(ti)出??(chu)了??(le)進??(jin)入??(ru)文?(wen)明??(ming)社?(she)會??(hui)的??(de)新??(xin)的??(de)標??(biao)準??(zhun)??，即??(ji)生??(sheng)產(chǎn)??(chan)發(fā)??(fa)展?(zhan)??，人??(ren)口??(kou)增??(zeng)加??(jia)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)城??(cheng)市??(shi)；社?(she)會??(hui)分??(fen)工??(gong)??，階??(jie)層??(ceng)分??(fen)化??(hua)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)階?(jie)級??(ji)；權??(quan)力??(li)不??(bu)斷?(duan)強??(qiang)化??(hua)??，出?(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)王??(wang)權??(quan)和??(he)國??(guo)家??(jia)??。盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)中??(zhong)國??(guo)學??(xue)術??(shu)界??(jie)尚?(shang)未??(wei)有??(you)對??(dui)文??(wen)明?(ming)的??(de)標??(biao)志?(zhi)一??(yi)致??(zhi)的??(de)答??(da)案?(an)??，但??(dan)學??(xue)者??(zhe)們??(men)幾??(ji)乎??(hu)異??(yi)口??(kou)同??(tong)聲??(sheng)地??(di)贊??(zan)同??(tong)馬??(ma)克??(ke)思??(si)主??(zhu)義??(yi)經(jīng)??(jing)典??(dian)作??(zuo)家??(jia)“國??(guo)家??(jia)是??(shi)文??(wen)明??(ming)社?(she)會??(hui)的??(de)概??(gai)括??(kuo)”的??(de)論??(lun)斷??(duan)??，認?(ren)為??(wei)國??(guo)家??(jia)的?(de)出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)是??(shi)文??(wen)明??(ming)形?(xing)成??(cheng)的??(de)標??(biao)志??(zhi)??。既??(ji)然??(ran)如??(ru)此??(ci)??，黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或?(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右?(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，正??(zheng)處??(chu)于??(yu)人??(ren)類??(lei)學??(xue)上??(shang)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)氏??(shi)族??(zu)部?(bu)落??(luo)階??(jie)段??(duan)??，或??(huo)者??(zhe)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)上??(shang)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)新?(xin)石??(shi)器??(qi)時??(shi)代??(dai)早??(zao)中??(zhong)期??(qi)??，或??(huo)即??(ji)蘇??(su)秉?(bing)琦?(qi)先??(xian)生?(sheng)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)“古??(gu)國?(guo)”時??(shi)代??(dai)或??(huo)滿??(man)天??(tian)星??(xing)斗??(dou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，既??(ji)然??(ran)該??(gai)階??(jie)段??(duan)尚?(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)中??(zhong)國??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴?(yan)格??(ge)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入??(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學??(xue)家?(jia)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，無??(wu)論??(lun)任??(ren)何??(he)的??(de)文??(wen)化??(hua)圈??(quan)或??(huo)文?(wen)化??(hua)相?(xiang)互??(hu)作??(zuo)用??(yong)圈??(quan)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都?(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。

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